Analysis on the promotion training of military civilian personnel
Analysis on the promotion training of military civilian personnel
[Abstract] Promotion training is a newly added type of training within the civil service training system, designed to systematically cultivate and enhance the political, managerial, and professional capabilities of civil servants. It provides continuous significant support for the stepwise advancement of civil servants' careers. This article explores the issues of promotion training for civil servants from the perspectives of training content, training formats and methods, and training management.
【Keywords】Civilian Personnel | Promotion Training | Civilian Personnel Regulations
The latest revision of the "Regulations on Civilian Personnel of the Chinese People's Liberation Army" stipulates that promotion training should be conducted for civilian personnel in management and professional technical positions who are to be promoted to higher levels. As a newly added type of training in the civilian personnel training system, promotion training aims to systematically cultivate and enhance the political, managerial, and professional capabilities of civilian personnel. It provides continuous support for the step-by-step advancement of their careers, strengthening their sense of achievement, recognition, and belonging. Establishing a long-term mechanism for promotion training of civilian personnel is of great significance for building a stable, high-quality, and professional civilian workforce.
1. Scientifically Design the Content of Promotion Training for Civilian Personnel
The planning and arrangement of training content is the core aspect of the promotion training for civilian personnel. It should revolve around the training objectives, guided by demand and aimed at the position, based on the present while appropriately forward-looking. It should embody the concepts of system design and problem orientation to ensure that the supply meets the demand and is scientifically effective, continuously strengthening the military-political literacy and core competencies of civilian personnel for their positions.
(I) Emphasize applicability and practicality, closely aligning with the cognitive development characteristics and job requirements of the trainees.
文职人员晋升培训是对已具备一定工作经验和资历的人员进行的再教育活动，人员构成较为复杂，工作阅历、综合素质和岗位能力也各有特点。以中级晋升培训为例，笔者对参加首届文职人员中级晋升培训班的23名学员进行了问卷调查，他们是拟任用正处级岗位的文职人员，从年龄上看，3540岁之间的占比为4%，4151岁之间的占比为52%，51~53岁之间的占比为44%。从工作阅历看，绝大部分人毕业于地方高校，在现任文职岗位上工作时长为4年的人数占比最高，为83%，5年的人数占比为13%，3年的人数占比为4%。这表明参加本次晋升培训的绝大部分文职人员工作经验丰富，部队阅历相对欠缺，但也基本度过了适应期和磨合期。此外，大部分人都是基层单位的执法员，仅少数人担任领导职务。受工作、阅历等因素的影响，学习认知特点较为显著，主要体现为学习目的明确、实践经验较为丰富、注重学习效率、自律性和独立性较强、参与教学的积极性较高等。
因此，参与晋升培训的文职人员的职业能力生成需求既有共性，也存在一定差异。这就要求培训内容既要符合职业教育培训的基本规律，又要充分做好学情分析，结合学员自身特点和前期工作阅历等，满足其多样化学习需求，激发学员的学习动机。同时，为满足岗位任职需求，培训内容应突出实践性，具备较强的针对性、有效性和现实可操作性，围绕文职人员任职岗位所必备的知识、能力、情感价值等要素，以安排岗位急需、促进能力提升为主导，提升工作效率、改进工作方式为核心，紧贴工作实践，重在提升其岗位任职能力和解决实际问题的能力，让学员在工作中学以致用。调研中，关于"在文职人员晋升培训的课程设置方面，您有什么建议"的问题，绝大部分学员认为要"设置针对性强的课程以及基层接触不到的课程""应针对文职人员身份属性设置课程内容""课程设置要更多侧重服务保障领域"等，也证实了这一点。
(2) Upholding Political Integrity and Continuously Strengthening Military and Political Competence
President Xi Jinping pointed out that political criteria are the foremost standards for military personnel in our army, and political requirements are the most fundamental demands for our military talents. As an important component of military personnel, civilian staff members are required not only to meet the hard criteria such as necessary educational background and professional knowledge for their positions, but also to possess good military-political literacy and an idealistic commitment to serving national defense and military construction. The learning and work experiences of civilian staff, especially those recruited from society, endow them with distinct characteristics while also making their motivations for joining the military diverse. The trainees participating in promotion training are all outstanding performers among their peers, with remarkable achievements and development potential. The higher the level of training, the more significant the responsibilities they will undertake.
近年来，文职人员在遂行多样化军事任务中的地位作用逐渐凸显，正逐渐成长为未来作战不可或缺的保障力量，以及担任教学科研、医疗、宣传出版、后勤保障等领域的主体建设力量之一，如何筑牢忠诚于党的政治底色，锻造令行禁止的军人作风，是晋升培训要面临的重要课题。因此，文职人员的晋升培训要确保培训内容的政治性和军事性，不断强化和夯实其军政素养。在笔者的调研中，关于"当前文职人员最需要提升的能力"的问题，军事素养占比最高，为.%；业务能力占比为.%，排在第二位；理想信念、沟通协调能力、科技素养等分别占比.%、.%、.%。这说明参训学员自身也非常重视军政素养的培塑与提升。
2. Actively explore forms and methods for the promotion training of civilian personnel.
The form and method of training are crucial pathways and means to achieve the objectives of training. For the promotion training of civilian personnel, it is essential to explore scientific, efficient, and flexible training forms and methods that align with the characteristics and requirements of the training type, in order to maximize the benefits of the training.
(1) Scientifically Designing Training Formats
Currently, there are two main forms of promotion training for civilian personnel: one is centrally organized training, and the other is training organized by individual employing units. For management civilian personnel who are to be appointed to leadership positions, promotion training is primarily conducted off-site, centralized, and included in the annual education and training plan for implementation. Promotion training for technical civilian personnel is mainly conducted on-the-job, leveraging the primary role of employing units at all levels, with military vocational education as the main platform or combined with professional training, and integrated into the trinity new military talent cultivation system. Currently, promotion training for technical civilian personnel mainly relies on military vocational education. The author believes that, based on this, the role of other channels can be appropriately enhanced according to the job requirements of the trainees, such as arranging civilian instructors to serve in military units, or to study and train at military and civilian colleges and research institutes, fully utilizing the advantages of online and offline education to enhance the effectiveness of training.
(2) Exploring Diverse and Effective Training Methods
The selection and use of training methods should depend on the characteristics of the trainees and the content of the training, aligning with the age-specific traits, cognitive patterns, and the special requirements of the training level. Research by Thorndike, a pioneer in the study of adult learning psychology, indicates a close relationship between a person's learning ability and age. The peak of learning ability occurs at the age of 25, after which it gradually declines. However, with scientifically designed learning methods and environments, learning efficiency can still be improved. Although adults experience declines in abilities such as memory and perception, they possess certain advantages in areas like meaningful memory and abstract logical thinking.
因此，在文职人员的晋升培训中，教员和学员既要保持传统的师生关系，也应是一种平等关系，教学内容也不应局限于教案和教材的范围，而应向参与者的经验开放，允许其进入课堂教学并成为重要的教学资源，以任务问题为导向，采用探究式、启发式、研讨式、实践性的教学方式，使教员与学员之间的交流互动、学员之间的合作探讨成为教学过程的基本构成要素。笔者的调研过程中，参训学员的年龄绝大部分在岁之间，关于"您认为何种授课形式更理想"的问题，实践教学被参训学员认为是最理想的授课形式，占比.%；课堂讲授占比.%，被认为是次理想的授课形式，表明参训学员对传统的讲授方式仍有较高的认可度和接受度；观摩教学和小组讨论以及以问题为导向的教学方法都被认为是较理想的授课形式之一，占比分别为.%，.%。
3. Standardize the Management of Promotion Training for Civilian Personnel
Training management is a crucial guarantee for the successful promotion training of civilian personnel. It is essential to manage effectively in areas such as organizational support, budget allocation, program planning, process supervision, and the application of results to ensure the standardization of promotion training.
(1) Standardize the training process
Standardized training is of great significance in motivating participants, enhancing their overall quality, and fostering team awareness. The comprehensiveness and systematic nature of the training design, the strict execution of the training plan, the adequacy of materials prepared at various stages, and the efficiency of organization are all critical factors that influence the effectiveness and quality of the training. During the training process, employers should ensure that participants strictly adhere to training regulations, guaranteeing the strict implementation of training personnel, content, time, and outcomes. The training process should be rigorously standardized, and any violations or disciplinary breaches should be penalized according to the specific circumstances. After the training, a quality assessment should be conducted, with the content and methods tailored to the job roles and identity attributes of the civilian personnel. Additionally, training units should promptly identify any issues and shortcomings that arise during the training process. For common problems identified in the assessment, timely solutions should be implemented, and training plans should be adjusted as necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the training.
(2) Making Good Use of Training Results
The promotion training for civilian personnel is a significant investment in human capital for the overall construction and development of the military. Employers should promptly provide feedback on training outcomes, establish a scientific and comprehensive teaching archive for civilian personnel promotion training, and offer data support for their future internal exchanges, career planning, and educational training. At the same time, units should consider the training situation as one of the bases for the qualification assessment, evaluation for appointment, and commendation of civilian personnel, thereby enhancing their motivation to participate in training. This will transform the labor contract relationship between civilian personnel and the military into a psychological contract relationship that fosters a love for military affairs, and establish effective restraint mechanisms to reduce the loss of outstanding talents.
references
Zhang Shaopeng. Research on the Blended Learning Model for In-Service Training of Civilian Personnel in Military Academies. Shandong Normal University. : .
Edward L. Thorndike. Adult Learning. Beijing: The Commercial Press, : .
Wu Dengchao. A Brief Discussion on the Risks and Prevention in the Training of Military Civilian Personnel. China Military Education, (): .
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