Current Status and Challenges of the Gaza Ceasefire Agreement Implementation

Key Chapter Title List

1. Introduction: A Delayed Ceasefire is Not the Ultimate Solution
2. Challenges Faced: Positions of All Parties and Core Disagreements
3. Negotiation Process: Key Demands and Conditions for Exchange
4. Analysis of the Agreement Text: Security Arrangements and Political Framework
5. Complexities in Implementation: Transition from Ceasefire to Governance
6. Conclusion: The Necessity of a Ceasefire and the Absence of Lasting Peace

Document Introduction

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the latest diplomatic efforts surrounding the end of the Israel-Gaza war, with a core focus on the 20-point peace plan proposed by U.S. President Trump. The report was written in early October 2025, during a critical phase of negotiations, aiming to assess the practical feasibility of this draft agreement, the focal points of contention among the parties, and the multiple strategic and operational challenges its implementation would face. The report points out that although the international community urgently desires to end this conflict, which has already caused tens of thousands of casualties, and the plan has gained support from major regional powers and the world's primary Islamic countries except Iran, its successful implementation remains highly uncertain.

The report's structure first outlines the negotiation background and the preliminary content of the plan, then shifts to an analysis of the positions of the main actors—Hamas and the Israeli government. While Hamas has shown willingness to reach an agreement, particularly eager to initiate a prisoner exchange, it firmly opposes being excluded from Gaza's future civilian governance and is deeply concerned about Israeli military entry into its previously controlled areas and whether its members will be immune from future pursuit. Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu also faces domestic political pressure, as the agreement requires Israel to cease military operations, release approximately 2000 Palestinian prisoners, and abandon the goals of complete control or large-scale relocation of Gaza's residents, which contradicts his pre-war commitments.

The core section of the report deconstructs the agreement's terms and their inherent contradictions in detail. The plan requires Hamas to simultaneously disarm and dissolve its governance structure, with the Palestinian Authority taking over Gaza's civilian services and ultimately establishing a new, untainted police and security force. However, the specific roadmap for disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration is vague, mentioning only independent monitors. The report draws an analogy with the post-2003 Iraq governance dilemma, pointing out that hastily dismantling the existing administrative structure without a viable alternative could lead to instability. Furthermore, the security transition period will involve temporary patrols by the Israel Defense Forces until a multinational force contributed by Arab countries is established, a process fraught with severe coordination and command challenges.

The report further analyzes the unique implementation architecture of this peace plan. Unlike traditional United Nations peacekeeping operations, this mission is not under direct UN command. Instead, Trump serves as the proposed chairman of a Peace Commission, supported by international political figures like Tony Blair. This unprecedented model lacks a ready-made template, and its relationship with future local governance institutions in Gaza (such as a committee composed of Palestinian and international experts) is poorly defined. The report warns that the inevitable delays in establishing these governance and security mechanisms could undermine their credibility before new authorities are fully formed.

Finally, the report concludes that although a ceasefire is crucial for alleviating the humanitarian disaster in Gaza and stopping the violence, the Trump plan primarily focuses on post-conflict security arrangements and short-term stability, without addressing fundamental political issues such as Palestinian self-determination and the two-state solution. Gaza's reconstruction and development rely on substantial financial support pledged by regional countries, but if deeper political contradictions remain unresolved, no peace can be lasting. The report posits that the Sharm El-Sheikh negotiations represent a critical opportunity to end the prolonged conflict, but their success depends not only on signing a ceasefire agreement but, more importantly, on the subsequent complex and arduous political and security transition being smoothly realized.